教師招聘考試英語虛擬語氣

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　　教師招聘考試英語虛擬語氣

　　預測一：虛擬語氣在 if 非真實條件句中的規則變化

　　非真實條件句表示的是假設的或實際可能性不大的情況，故采用虛擬語氣。

	從句	主句
與現在事實相反	did/were	would (should/could/might) do
與過去事實相反	had done	would (should/could/might) have done
與將來事實相反	did/were; were to do; should do	would (should/could/might) do

　　預測二：if 非真實條件句的倒裝

　　虛擬條件句的從句部分含有 were，should 或 had 時，可省略 if，再把 were，should 或 had

　　移到從句的句首進行倒裝。例如：

　　Were they here now, they could help us. = If they were here now, they could help us.

　　他們現在要是在的話，就會幫助我們了。

　　Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met

　　him. 你來得早一點，就碰到他了。

　　Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.

　　假如下雨，莊稼就有救了。

　　預測三：錯綜時間條件句的虛擬語氣

　　有時，主句與從句的動作發生在不同的時間，主句從句謂語動詞的虛擬語氣形式因時間不

　　同而不同，這種條件句叫做錯綜時間條件句。例如：

　　If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天問過他，今天就

　　知道做什么了。(從句與過去事實相反，主句與現在事實相反。)

　　If it had rained last night, it would be very cold today. 如果昨晚下過雨，今天就會很冷了。

　　預測四：含蓄條件句的虛擬語氣

　　有時為了表達的需要，在虛擬語氣中并不總是會出現 if 引導的條件句，而是通過其他手段

　　來代替條件句。其主要表現形式如下：

　　用 with, without, but for, otherwise, or, under 等代替條件狀語從句。例如：Without water, there would be no life. 若是地球上無水，就無生命。

　　But for the meeting, I would have gone home at the time. 要不是開會，我早就回家了。

　　I was too busy at that time, otherwise, I would have called you. 我當時太忙，否則我就給你打電話了。

　　預測五：名詞性從句中的虛擬語氣

　　(1)It is demanded (requested/required/insisted/suggested/proposed...) /important (essential/

　　necessary/natural/imperative...) / a pity (a shame/no wonder...) + that... 等結構的主語從句，謂語動

　　詞用 should 加動詞原形，should 可省略。例如：

　　It is demanded that the president (should) make measures to end the economic recession.

　　人們要求總統應該采取措施阻止經濟衰退。

　　It is necessary that he (should) go to see a doctor. 他應該去看醫生，這是必要的。

　　It is a pity that he (should) fail to come to the party. 他沒能參加這個聚會，真是遺憾。

　　(2)用于賓語從句中

　　在表示命令、建議、要求(如 demand, command, request, require, insist, suggest, propose,

　　order, recommend)等一類動詞后面的從句中，謂語動詞用 should 加動詞原形，should 可省略。

　　例如：I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建議下周召開個會議。

　　He insisted that he (should) be sent there. 他要求被派到那兒去。

　　注意：若 suggest，insist 用于其本意 “ 暗示、表明 ”“ 堅持認為 ” 時，賓語從句用陳述語氣。

　　例如：Your pale face suggests that you are ill./ I insisted that you were wrong.

　　(3) 在 demand/command/request/requirement/insistence/suggestion/advice/proposal/recom

　　mendation/idea/plan/order 等表示要求、建議和命令等名詞后面的表語從句、同位語從句中的動

　　詞要用虛擬語氣，即(should)+ 動詞原形。例如：

　　My idea is that we (should) get more people to attend the conference. 我的想法是讓更多的人來參加會議。

　　預測六：虛擬語氣的其他用法

　　(1)It is(high)time that 后面的從句謂語動詞要用過去式或用 should 加動詞原形，但

　　should 不可省略。例如：

　　It is time that the children went to bed. 孩子們該睡覺了。

　　It is high time that the children should go to bed.

　　(2)wish/ if only/ as if/ as though 后面的從句，用一般過去時表示與現在事實相反的愿望，

　　用過去完成時表示與過去事實相反的愿望;用 could/would+ 動詞原形表示將來不太可能實現的

　　愿望。例如：

　　I wish I were as tall as you. 我希望和你一樣高。

　　He wished he hadn’t said that. 他希望他沒講過那樣的話。

　　I wish it would rain tomorrow. 我希望明天下雨就好了。

　　(3)would rather 后接句子時，句子的謂語動詞需用虛擬語氣。表示主觀愿望或選擇，并

　　不一定與事實相反，意為 “ 寧愿 ”。用一般過去時 did/were 表示現在或者將來的愿望，過去完

　　成時 had done 表示過去的愿望。

　　I would rather you paid me now. 我寧愿你現在就付我錢。

　　I would rather you came next Saturday. 我寧愿你下個周六來。

　　I would rather you had not said it. 我寧愿你沒說過這些話。

　　1. If she ______ make such a simple wish as not to be teased for disability last Christmas, Amy

　　would still feel lonely now.

　　A. had dared not

　　B. hadn’t dared to

　　C. dared not

　　D. didn’t dare to

　　2. —Thank you for reminding me of the time, or I ______ late for the flight yesterday.

　　—Don’t mention it.

　　A. will have been

　　B. would have been

　　C. must be

　　D. could be

　　3. It is high time that we ______ a meeting to discuss this problem.

　　A. hold

　　B. held

　　C. have held

　　D. had held

　　4. Due to the popularity of the restaurant, it is advisable that a table_______ for a get-together in

　　advance.

　　A. must be reserved

　　B. is reserved

　　C. be reserved

　　D. will be reserved

　　5. The steak in the restaurant was terrible. How I wish I ______ rice!

　　A. would order

　　B. ordered

　　C. order

　　D. had ordered

　　6. If you ______ my advice, you ______ how to solve the problem now.

　　A. had taken; would have known

　　B. had taken; would know

　　C. took; would have known

　　D. took; would know

　　7. It’s strange that he ______ have taken the books without the owner’s permission.

　　A. would

　　B. should

　　C. could

　　D. might

　　8. The weather turned out to be fine yesterday. I ______ the trouble to carry my umbrella with

　　me.

　　A. should have taken

　　B. could have taken

　　C. needn’t have taken

　　D. mustn’t have taken

　　9. ______ it rain tomorrow, the meeting would be put off.

　　A. Should

　　B. Would

　　C. Could

　　D. Must

　　10. Tom ______ full marks, but he was too careless ______ a spelling mistake.

　　A. could gain, to make

　　B. could have gained, to make

　　C. could have gained, and made

　　D. could have gained, as to make

　　11. If the traffic ______ so heavy, I could have been back by 6 o’clock.

　　A. hadn’t been

　　B. wasn’t

　　C. couldn’t be

　　D. hasn’t been

（編輯：阿正）