【導讀】華圖甘肅教師招聘考試網同步華圖教育發布： 2020甘肅教師招聘中學英語：西方經典文學典故與英文寫作的融合（2）, 詳細信息請閱讀下文!如有疑問請加【2022教師交流群】 ，更多資訊請關注甘肅華圖微信公眾號(gshtjy),甘肅教師招聘考試_教師資格證培訓咨詢電話：0931-8186071,新浪微博@甘肅華圖，微信號：gshtjy420（點擊查看全省咨詢微信號）

　　英文寫作是教師招聘考試中的必考題目，旨在綜合考察考生的綜合英語素養，很多考生在平時練習的過程中，苦于表達方式的單調、素材內容的匱乏以及寫作模板的局限;考生若想要突破自己的寫作瓶頸，積累一定的西方文化知識非常有必要;為此，華圖教師精心羅列梳理西方文學常見典故常識，融合招教英文寫作真題，為我們的寫作添加西方文化素養，提升文化檔次。本篇文章將繼續結合教師招聘考試真題為大家推薦英語寫作中那些高頻的典故。

　　1. 阿基琉斯之踵(Achilles' Heel)

　　典故背景介紹：When Achilleswas a baby, it was foretold that he would die young. To prevent his death, his mother took him to the River Styx, which was supposed to offer powers of invulnerability, and dipped his body into the water; however, as Thetis was held Achilles by the heel, his heel was not washed over by the water of the magical river. Achilles grew up to be a man of war who survived many great battles. One day, a poisonous arrow shot at him was lodged in his heel, killing him shortly afterwards --希臘神話英雄唯一能被刺傷的地方，他出生后，母親海洋女神握著他的腳跟在冥河里浸泡，全身上下金剛不死，除了被握住的腳踝，他的腳踝也成了他唯一的致命傷。

　　寓意：比喻易受傷害的地方或者致命(a weakness in spite of overall strength, which can actually or potentially lead to downfall)

　　適用情況: 完美物體、事物或者情形存在的唯一不足之處、瑕疵或者弱點

　　真題再現1: Chinese style education

　　e.g. Tiger-typed parents tend to be highly self-disciplined, organized, aggressive and invincible at work, but when it comes to family life, the education of their children becomes their Achilles' heel.

　　真題再現2: automobile and our life

　　e.g.The increasing emergency/availability of automobile coming at an affordable price for most people not only makes our life more convenient, but also propels the economic development. Unfortunately, the rising emission and heavy traffic caused by it is seen as its Achilles' heel.

　　2. 達摩克利斯之劍(the sword of Damocles)

　　典故背景介紹: Damocles was pandering to Dionysius, his king, and exclaimed to him that Dionysius was truly fortunate as a great man of power and authority, surrounded by magnificence. In response, Dionysius offered to switch places with Damocles so that Damocles could taste that very fortune firsthand. Damocles quickly and eagerly accepted the king's proposal. Damocles sat down in the king's throne surrounded by every luxury, but Dionysius arranged that a huge sword should hang above the throne, held at the pommelonly by a single hair of a horse's tail. Damocles finally begged the king that he be allowed to depart because he no longer wanted to be so fortunate, realizing that with great fortune and power comes also great danger

　　寓意：指安逸祥和背后所存在的殺機和危險(hidden/potential risk/dangers).

　　適用情況:空虛落寞挫敗感相對于對毫無規律無節制的生活方式; 唯分數論對學校教育、對學生綜合素質的發展; 生態環境惡化及保護對經濟發展、人們生活方式的改善(家用汽車的普及、一次性飯盒、塑料袋的使用)

　　真題再現1: Reward better than punishment!

　　Para. 1. 觀點

　　Para 2. 原因(教育系統唯分數論使的應試分數成為懸掛在學校、學生和家長頭上的達摩克里斯之箭，…懲罰能夠獲得實質性的分數匯報)

　　Thesingularassessmentofstudents’academic achievement, namely, the sole scores,makes itbecome the swordofDamoclesto schools, teachers, students and parents. (唯分數論)….

　　Para 2. 措施(怎么樣正確地給予獎勵)

　　Para 3. 強調觀點

　　真題再現2: Knowledge plus experience=good teacher?

　　Para. 1 教育和好教師的重要性。

　　Para. 2 強調知識儲備和經驗積累的重要性，但是其并非唯一因素，切不能因強調唯分數論，忽視教師品德的必要性。

　　Para. 3 強調觀點

　　3.皮格馬利翁效應(Pygmalioneffect)

　　典故背景介紹: Pygmalion is a sculptor who fell in love with a statue he had carved. The goddess of Love Aphrodite is finally moved by the affection Pygmalion shows for the statue and turned it into a real lady.

　　寓意：it refers to the phenomenon whereby higher expectations lead to an increase in performance

　　適用情況: 社會交往中人與人間相互存在的高期望(領導對下屬、教師對學生、父母對孩子、長輩對晚輩)

　　真題再現1: Love teaching, love your student

　　Para. 1 觀點:愛學生的重要性

　　As one significant inspiration that can be drawn from Pygmalion Effect suggests, educators are supposed to have positive expectations of their students, to love and appreciate them all.

　　Para. 2 怎么樣去愛學生

　　Para.3 強調觀點

　　真題再現2: Reward better than punishment!

　　Para. 1. 觀點

　　Para 2. 原因(教師對學生的獎勵是一種積極的期望暗示)

　　Chinese parents and teachers are frequently and unfairly criticized for having too high expectations for their kids. But as suggested by PygmalionEffect, high expectations from teachers can exert positive and desirable effect on students. Obviously, reward is more than a way of confirmation of the students’ performances and efforts. It is also a sound reflection of the great expectation teachers have for their students…

　　Para 2. 措施(怎么樣正確地給予獎勵)

　　Para 3. 強調觀點

　　以上所整合的文學典故，對于解釋某種現象產生很有幫助，英美文學典故眾多，考生可在平時備考過程中有意識地積累，并嘗試在練習過程中結合相關話題，進行靈活實踐。

　　最后華圖教育衷心祝愿廣大考生能夠成功邁出教師之路第一步，早日實現教師夢!

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