2020-03-24 10:50:16
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【導讀】華圖甘肅教師招聘考試網同步華圖教育發布: 2020甘肅教師招聘中學英語:搞定定語從句,圖表口訣耍起來!, 詳細信息請閱讀下文!如有疑問請加【2022教師交流群】 ,更多資訊請關注甘肅華圖微信公眾號(gshtjy),甘肅教師招聘考試_教師資格證培訓咨詢電話:0931-8186071,新浪微博@甘肅華圖,微信號:gshtjy420(點擊查看全省咨詢微信號)
對于英語學習者來說,單詞毫無疑問是基礎,而語法則是架構,單詞需要依照語法規則組成句子。英語考試中有一個大家都非常熟悉的?——定語從句,無論是在單項選擇、完型填空,還是在閱讀理解和書面表達中也是變換著各種形式進行考察。因此,大家一定要學會在聽課和刷題中不斷揣摩其中存在的規律,再反過來通過題目精煉。
一、定語從句起了形容詞的作用,在句子中修飾一個名詞或代詞。
被修飾的詞叫做先行詞,引導定語從句的詞叫關系詞,他的作用一是放在先行詞與定語從句中間起了連接作用,二是在從句中擔當一個成分,并與先行詞要保持數的一致。
關系詞 | 先行詞 | 從句成分 | 例 句 | 備 注 | |
關關系代 詞 | who | 人 | 主語 | Do you know the man who istalkingwith your mother? | whom, which和that在從句中做賓語時,?梢允÷,但介詞提前時后面關系代詞不能省略,也不可以用that |
whom | 人 | 賓語 |
Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am working The boy (whom) she loved died in the war.. |
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whose | 人或物 | 定語 |
I like those books whose topics areabout history. The boy whose father works abroad is my deskmate. |
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that | 人或物 | 主語,賓語 |
A plane is a machine that can fly. She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much. |
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which | 物 | 主語,賓語 |
The book (which) I gave you was worth $10. The picture which was about the accident was terrible. |
||
as | 人或物 | 主語,賓語 |
He is such a person as is respected by all of us. This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. |
as做賓語一般不省略 | |
關關系副 詞 | when | 時間 | 時間狀語 | I will never forget the day when we met there. | 可用on which |
where | 地點 | 地點狀語 | This is the house where I was born. | 可用in which | |
why | 原因 | 原因狀語 | I can’t imagine the reason why he turned down my offer. | 可用for which |
二、that與which, who, whom的用法區別
情 況 | 用法說明 | 例 句 |
只用that的情況 |
1.先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時 2.先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時 3.先行詞有形容詞最高級和序數詞修飾時 4.先行詞既指人又指物時 5.先行詞被the only, the very修飾時 6.句中已經有who或which時,為了避免重復時 |
1.He told me everything that he knows. 2.All the books that you offered has been given out. 3.This is the best film that I have ever read. 4.We talked about the persons and things that we remembered. 5.He is the only man that I want to see. 6.Who is the man that is making a speech? |
只用which, who, whom的情況 |
1.在非限制性定語從句中,只能用which指代物,用who/whom指人 2.在由“介詞+關系代詞”引導的定語從句中,只能用which指物,whom指人。 3.先行詞本身是that時,關系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時多用who。 |
1.He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study. 2.I like the person to whom the teacher is talking. 3.Those who respect others are usually respected by others. |
三、as、which和that的區別
從句 | 區 別 | 例 句 |
限制性定語從句中 | 名詞前有such和the same修飾時,關系代詞用as,不能用which |
He is not such a fool as he looks. Don’t read such books as you can’t understand. |
非限制性定語從句中 | as和which都可以指代前面整個主句。如果有“正如,象”的含義,并可以放在主句前,也可以放在后面,那么用as;而which引導的從句只能放主句后,并無“正如”的意思。 |
They won the game, as we had expected. They won the game, which we hadn’t expected. As is well known, he is a famous film star in the 1980s. |
the same... as和 the same ...that |
the same... as指同類事物 the same ...that 指原物 |
That’s the same tool as I used last week.(同類工具,不是同一把) That’s the same tool that I used last week.那就是我上周用過的工具。 |
注意:the way 做先行詞時,定語從句可由that, in which 引導或不用引導詞。
四、定語從句與其它從句(句型)的區別
類 別 | 區 別 | 例 句 |
定語從句與并列句 | 定語從句與并列句的主要區別在于:并列句有像and,but,so等并列連詞或兩個句子用分號連接,這時就不能再用引導定語從句的關系詞了。 |
①Mr Li has three daughters,none of _____ is an engineer. ②Mr Li has three daughters,but none of _____ is a dancer. 從結構上看,①小題是定語從句,故填上whom; ②小題有并列連詞but,是并列句,故填上代詞 them。 |
定語從句 與 狀語從句 |
定語從句的前面有名詞作先行詞,而狀語從句沒有先行詞。 |
This is the place where we used to live a few years ago. 這是幾年前我們居住的地方。(定語從句,先行詞為the place) Let’s go where we can find a better job. 我們到能找到更好的工作的地方去吧。(地點狀語從句) |
定語從句修飾、限制、說明名詞,只能放在先行詞的后面,而狀語從句說明動作發生的情況,并且可以放在主句的前面。 |
Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下課的時間嗎?(定語從句) It was already five o’clock when the class was over. =When the class was over, it was already five o’clock. 當下課時己經是5點了。(時間狀語從句) |
|
When, where和why在引導定語從句時可以用“介詞+which”的結構來替換,在引導狀語從句時卻不行。 |
This is the factory in which (where) his fatheronce worked. 這就是他的父親曾經工作過的那個工廠。(定語從句) Put back the book where it was. 把書放回原處。(狀語從句) |
|
定語從句中的關系詞在從句中充當某種句子成分,因此去掉它則從句成分不完整;而結果狀語從句中的連接詞在從句中不作任何成分,去掉后從句的成分仍然完整。 |
It is such an interesting book as we all like. 它是我們大家都喜歡的如此有趣的書。 (as用作動詞like的賓語,它引導的是定語從句) It is such an interesting book that we all like it. 它是一本如此有趣的書,我們大家都喜歡它。 (that不充當句子成分,故它引導的是結果狀語從句) |
|
定語從句 與 同位語從句 |
定語從句在復合句中相當于形容詞,對先行詞起修飾、描述或限制的作用,與先行詞之間有從屬關系。同位語的作用相當于名詞,對前面的名詞給予補充說明或進一步解釋,是前面名詞的具體內容,與先行詞之間是同位關系。 |
The news that she had passed the exam made her parents very happy. 她考試及格的消息使她父母親很高興。(同位語從句) 此句中的同位語從句 The news that she had passed the exam 可以改寫成表語從句:The news is that he passed the exam. The news that he told us interested all of us. 他告訴我們的消息使大家都感興趣。(定語從句) The news that he told us 是定語從句,此句不能改寫為:The news is that he toldus. |
定語從句 與 強調句 |
強調句的結構為“It is/was+被強調部分+that+從句”。被強調部分可以是除謂語以外的任何成分,當被強調部分是人時,還可用who代替that。這一句型中,一定不能因為被強調部分是表時間或地點的詞就用when或where代替 that。 |
①It is on the morning of May 1st _____ I met Liang Wei at the airport. ②It is the factory _____ Mr Wang works. 從結構上看: ①小題是強調句,故填 that。 ②小題則是定語從句,用上述方法轉換便知the factory前差個介詞in,故填 where。 |
注意:由兩個簡單句合并成一個含定語從句的復句時,對于關系代詞、關系副詞的取舍是個難點。如下兩句話,用起來倒方便,快捷口訣:
代代代①,副代副②;
有介要用代③,無介關副代④。
說明:①是說用關系代詞代替定語從句中的代詞或名詞。即將兩個句子合并成定語從句時,在確定先行詞后(在主句中),把另一個句子(定語從句)中的代詞或名詞用關系代詞代替,緊跟在先行詞之后即可。這里當然要記住,應把被代替的代詞或名詞去掉。
e.g. The teacher is my brother.
He is teaching.
→The teacher who (代替代詞he, 故也須將he去掉)is teaching is my brother.
、谂c①同理。即用關系副詞代替定語從句中的副詞(或作狀語的介詞短語)。這時的關系副詞也照樣緊跟在先行詞之后。eg:
We visited the factory.
She worked in the factory last year.
→We visited the factory, Where (代替相當于副詞作狀語的介詞詞組in the factory) she worked last year.
、酆廷軆删涫侵溉绻ㄕZ從句中有作狀語的介詞短語,保留介詞就要用關系代詞,或用關系副詞代替整個介詞短語。eg:
I still remember that day.
I joined the Party on that day.
→I still remember the day on which I joined the Party.
本文結合定語從句中的高頻考點及易混點,運用表格和詳實的例句幫助大家進行了系統梳理,希望能夠對各位考生理解定語從句有所幫助。
最后華圖教師祝各位考生備考順利,早日站在三尺講臺綻放光彩!
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